Explosive-engine.



B. MoKBB. BIPLOSIVB ENGINE. nnxouxol nun in. n, 1m.

Patented May 18, 1913.

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B. MoKEB. EXPLOSIVB ENGINE. nmouxol rm un. 1. xm.

Patented May 13, 1913.

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--n V r a..- l 9 --Q 0| 1f w1 a a L 21 ROBERT MOKEE, or P'HLADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA.

ExPLosIvE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters ateiit.

Patented May 13, 1913.

Application tiled March 19, 1909. Serial No. 484,364.

To all whom. it may concern.'

Be it known that I, Roniia'r MOKEE, a citizen of the United States, andresident of the city and county of Philadelphia State of Pennsylvania,have invented an lmprovement in Explosive-Engines, of which thelfollowing is a specification.

My invention has reference to explosive engines and consists of certainimprovements which are fully set foi-th in the following specificationand shown in the accompanying drawings which forni a part thereof.

'lhe object of my invention is to provide means for reversing anexplosive engine so that it may be dircctl used for forward or backwardrunning an dispense with reversing gearing in tie power transmittingdevices.

My ob'ect is al'so to so construct the reversing cevices that the en inemay be rcversed without being broug it to a condition of rest.

My invention consists of the usual rotating cam shaft having lsupplyandexhaust cams, combined with operatin heads for the intake and exhaustvalves, lifters interposed between the cams and operating heads, andmeans for shifting the said liftersto change the `lead of the cams uponthe operating heads; further in the foregoing features when combinedwith means for automatically adjustinfr the igniting devices to changethe time of ignition to suit the reversed operation of the engine;further in the foregoing features when combined with hand lever devicesand connecting means whereby the act of advancing the time of i nitionalso adjusts the litters to change t ie leads of the operating cams forthe intake and exhaust valves.

More generally considered, my-invention consists of an explosive enginehaving the usual cam shaft and cams for opcratingvthe intake and exhaustvalves or either of them combined with means, independent of the emushaft and its operative gears, for changing the lead or time of actionol the cam or cams upon thevalve or valves.

My invention also coinprehends details of construction which, togetherwith the features above specified, will Ibe `better understood byreference to the drawings,lin `|which:

Figurel is a side elevation of an explosive cngineembodying myinvention;' Fig. 2 is va sectional elevation of a portion of the same online -w; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view.

of the reversing hand operated devices shown in Fig. 1; Fi 4 is a crosssection through the cam sha t and the means for adjusting the lifters;and Fig. 5 is a pers eet-ive view of the connecting link between ereversing levers.

The general construction of the explosive eiifrine may be of anycharacter desired.

Iy improvements are specially designed for changing the lead of the camsfor operating the valves and also for chan ing the time of ignition, andpreferably so t iat both of these o erations take place by the same handmanipulation.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, .2 represents the maincrank shaft which is rotated by the usual pistons and connecting rods.

3 is the cam shaft and this is positively geared with the crank shaft bymeansof supporting gearing 4 5 and (l. It is immaterial what form ofgcarin connects the shafts 2 and 3 so long as the s iaft 3 is madetorotate relatively to the crank shaft 2 always the same, that is tosay, if tlie shaft rotates to the right when the crank shaft 2 isrotated to the right., then when the crank shaft 2 is reversed t-he camshaft 3 will also be reversed. Mbreover, it is not intended that thereshall be any change in the power transmitting connections between theshafts 2 and 3 so far as my invention is concerned. The cani shaft 8 isprovided with cams 7 and 8 arranged 180 degrees apart and one of saidcams may operate the exhaust. valve and the other the intake valve.

15 represents one of the valve operating rods and may be made of anyordinary construction, the particular form of the valve beingimmaterial.13 represents o erating hea s for moving the exhaust an intake valvessaid heads being guided vertically in the main frame or casing of theengine. The lower ends of these o erating heads are preferably enlargedby Ifianges 14.

. l1 are lifters which are provided at their free ends with rollers 12which engage the cams 7 and 8. The u per portions ofthese liftersimmediately aiiove the rollers operate upon the flanged lower portions14 of the operating heads 13 for the valves. These lifters 11 arerespectively hin ed to arms 10 which are adjustably clampe upon a rockshaft 9 journaled in the Casin of the engine. 'filiere are two arms 10,one or each of the lifters 11 and said arms are secured to the llt) withclamping screws 17'by which .t ie. yma

lie adjusted circiun'ierentially'l and Ongi'` tiidina ly upon the rockshaft 9.

-From an examination of Fig. 4 it will be seen that when the roekshaftis in the posi tion shown one of the lifters is thrust forward and theother backward so that the rollers of the two lifters are arranged about90 degrees apart with reference to the cam shaft 3. In this position itwill be observed that one of the cams just leaves the lifter as theother cam begins to operate upon its lifter, so that at no time willboth valves be open during the normal'runnin of the engine. Byrockingthe shaft 9, it is evident that the positions of the litters may bereversed and'this will change the angular difference in the operation ofthe cams 90 degrees which would be necessary for reversing the engine.As the upper portion of the lifters always operates upon the flat undersurface of the heads'13, it is immaterial in which position the liftersare placed. The up er parts of the litters which engage wit the heads 13are made somewhat roundedso that when the litters are rocked in changingtheir positions they will not objeetionably disturb the heads. The endof the rock shaft 9 is secured to a hand lever 23 by which it may berocked. This hand lever is provided with a latch lever 20 which operatesa' locking pin 25 carried by the hand lever and adapted to engage holes28 in an adjustable bracket 27 which may be adjustably clamped upon thehub of the bearing of the'shaft 9 on the casing by means of the clam24.] In this manner the bracket may be adjusted to the proper positionto insure the proper rocking of the shaft 9. Hinged to the hand lever 23is abloek 29 through which the cam link 31 asses said rod havin stops 86between -whic theblock 29 may p ay and which are adapted'tobe struck bythe said block for shifting the rod 31. The end of the link'81 ispivoted to a hinged arm 32 which is connected b va link 83 with a secondhand lever 18. T e hand lever. 18 is frictionally clam ed upon the huber bearin of the shaft 3 y means of a clamp 19 an said arm carriesthe'contaet box 21 having the contact 22 of the sparkindevice. 'I he endof the shaft 8 is -provi ed with the contact arm 20 which' during itsrotation closes its cireuitwith the contact 22 for exploding the mixturein theengine.

In f Fig. 3 `the lever 18 is in an intermediato position, such 'as will'cause an adjustment ofy thetirner to induce the ex lesion to take placeexactly'y on the dead cen er of the en ine.- To'make the engine operatepro er yl, the leverflS shouldbe thrown to t e ris t o r to the leftaccordngto' the direc-l tion in which the engine is to run'and so thatvthe'ignitiontakes place just before the lcrank reaches the highest pointin its travel fand preferably so ti at the explosion takes placeslightly before the cranc passes the dead center. However, for causingthe engine to reverse its direction of travel, it is r[necessary tothrow the lever 1.8 to a greater ldistance from the vertical with theobject of causing the explosion to take )lace some considerable timebefore the deut center is reached and thereby cause the crank shaft tobe rotated in the reverse direction.

Assuming that the engine was runnin(r in a direction corresponding tothe travel ofthe hands of a watch and it was desired to reverse theengine, the operation would be as follows: The hand lever 18 would bepulled to the left and this action would move the contact. 22considerably to the left so that the ignition would take place at sometime before the crank had reached the top of its stroke with the resultthat the crank shaft would be reversed. At the saine time that the lever18 is moved to change the position of the contact 22 it also operatesthe rod 3l and this first unlatches the lever 23 and then shifts it torock the shaft 9 to change the positions of the lifters 11, andconsequently the time of action of the cams 7 and 8 upon the valves.

`when the rod 31 is moved to the left (Fig.

3) the cam part 85 (which is immediately back of the Din 30) will firstforce the pin outward and operate the latch lever 2G and withdraw thedetent pin 25, after which, a further movement of the rod 3l will causethe ri lit-hand stop 36 to strike the block 29 and orcibly throw thelevier 23 from the position shown in Fig. 3 to a new positionapproximately 90 degrees to the left. When this is accomplished, theengine will continue to revolve in the reverse direction, but as theignition will be taking place after the crank has considerably passedits dead center, it is necessary to obtain the full power o f the engineto readjiist the lever 18 and its contact 22 to substantially thevertical position again so as to induce the i nitioii at or about thetime the crank is at its highest position.' When making thisreadjustiiieut. the rod 31 will be moved to the right, and as it slidesthrough the block 29 the pin 30 To cause the hand lever 23 to g, beoperated by the operation of the lever azi is released, and the springactuated latch lever 26 presses thel detent'pin 25-into the hole 28 atthe left partof the segment 27, 'The valve mechanismwill bethe'ndefinitelyadjusted and no fnrther'slight adjustment of the lever 18will affectl it, butsaid lever 18 may be more or less ad'ustedto varythe timeof ignition to suit t e requirementsor desires of the operator.`".Vhile the ignition with the crank on its dead centeris ordi-'- narilysatisfactory, in those' cascswhere the engine runs at high speed it ispreferable that the ignition shall take place sli htly before t-he deadcenter is reached, an( this may be accomplished with the improvementsherein described without interfering with the operation of the valves.As the lever 18 is separately held upon the hub of the bearing for theshaft 3 and with sufficient friction to retain its position, it may bemoved to any position desired, and will normally remain there.

lVhile I have shown a connection between the levers 18 and 23 wherebythe latter ma)7 be automatically operated by the former it. is evidentthat this conntion may be dispensed with if desired and the two levers18' and 23 be separately operated by hand.

Frein the foregoing description it will be understood that the essentialfeature of improvement herein set out residesv in means for changing thetime of action of the cams upon the valves and also for automaticallychanging the time of ignition at or about the time of changing the timeof operation of the cam mechanism, and while I prefer the constructionshown as bein excellently adapted forv the purposes oftiefinvention, Ido not restrict' myself thereto as the details may be modified withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention.

lt is also to be understood that while I have shown a single cylinderengine the invention is equall adapted to a multiple cylinder engine suci as commonly employed on automobiles.

I further desire it to be understood that while I have shown thereversing mechanisin to secure adjustment as to time of operation ofboth the intake and exhaust valves, the embodiment of my-v inventionmaybe had when the adjustment relates alone to the exhaust valve.

It is also to be understood that while I have shown a 'special form ofconstruction interposed between the camshaft andthe valves of theengine, any suitable meansv so interposed'may'be employed in lieuofthose shown for accomplishingffthe samefr'esults and -still be anembodiment of thefessential vfeatures of my'invention-f 1- Having, now.described myfinvention what .A I claim as new and desire-to'secure vby,Let-A ters Patent, is l' I 1. In.a reversible explosive engine, the

combination ofthe crank shaft, a valve operating cam shaft having inletand exhaust cams,- gearing for causing the cam shaft to be operated yand maintain the same relative directions .of rotation with respect tothe direction of rotation of the crank shaft, inlet and exhaust valves,reciprocatable parts for o erating the valves, means for operating t ereci rocatable parts, actuated by the cams and a 'ustablecircumferentially about the axisof t e cam shaft but always in operativerelation between the same cams and reciprocatable parts, and handoperated adjustin devices for adjusting the means for operating thereciprocatable parts for changin lthe time of action of the cams uponthe va ves both in opening and closing.

2. In a reversible explosive engnie having ignition devices, thecombination of the crank shaft, a valve operating cam shaft having inletand exhaust cams, gearing for causing the cam shaft to be opeiated byand maintain the same relativo directions of rotation with respect tothe direction of rotation of the crank shaft., inlet and exhaust valves,reciprocatablc parts for operating the valves, means for o erating thereciprocatable parts actuated y the cams and a justablecircuinferentially about t-lie axis of the cam shaft but always inoperative relation between the same cams and reciprocatable parts,mcansfor changing the time of action of the ignition devices, and hand operated adjusting devices for adjusting tie means for operating thereciprocatable parts for changin the time of action of the cams upon thevaves both in opening and closing, and also for o erating the means forchanging the time of action of the ignition devices whereby the time ofignition and the angular adjustment of the means for operating thereciprocatableparts are caused to be simultaneously adjusted.

8. In a reversible ex losive engine, the combination of the cran shaft,a valve operating cam shaft having one inlet and one exhaust cam foreach cylinder, gearing for causing the cam shaft to be operated by andmaintain the same relative directions of rotation with respect to thedirection of rotation of the crank shaft, inlet and exhaust valves,reciprocatable parts for operating the valves, means for operating thereciprocatable parts actuated by the cams and adjustablecircumferentially about the axis of the cam shaft, hand operatedadjusting devices for adjusting the means for operating thercciprocatable arts for changing the time of action 'of eac of the camsupon the valves `both in opening and closing, and locking lll they arerelativel geared together so as to-always rotate inthe saine relativedirections aii'd saidcam shaft having its cani surfaces upon only aportion of its circumference so as totintermittently act, valves` forthe engine, -o erating heads for the valves having exten ed lowersurfaces, .lifters interposed between the extended surfaces of theoperatin heads-and the cams of thecani shaft, an means for bodilyshifting the lifters simultaneously in relatively. opposite directionsfor reversing the engine. 1

5.=1n an explosiveiengine, the combination of the crank shaft and a camshaft geared together so as to always rotate inthe saine relativodirections, valves for the en fine, sliding operating heads for thevalves, 1i ters interposed between the operatinglheads and the cams ofthe cam shaft and intermittently operated by vthe cams, and means forshifting the lifters simultaneously in opposite directions for reversingthe engine, consisting of a rock shaft, means for adjusting the rockshaft and holding it in its adjusted positions, and o posite y directedarms secured on the roc shaft to which the lifters are respectivelyconnected and by which they are moved.

6. In an explosive engine, the combination of the crank shaft and a camshaft geared together so as to always rotatein the same ie ativedirections, valves' for the engine, operating heads for the valves,lifters interposed between the operatin heads and the cams of thecamshaft an intermittently operated by the cams, and meansforsliiftingthe lifterssimultaneously'infopposite directions for reversingjtlieengine consist ing of a rock shaft means for adjustingthe rock shaft andhol in it in its adjusted positions, and opposite y directed arms4adjustably secured on therock shaft whereby circumferentially ad'-justable and to which the'lifters are respectively vconnected and bylwhich they are moved.

7. In an explosive en fine, the combination of the crank shaft an a canishaft geared to ether so as toalways rotate in the same ieativedirections, valvesfor the engine, operating heads for the valves,lifters interposed between the operatingfheads and the cams ofthe camshaft, nieansvincludin a rock shaft for shifting :the lifterssimulztaneously in opposite directions for reversin the engine, meansfor adjusting the roet shaft, means'to control the time of i nition ofthe engine, a lever to operate t e said ignition means, and connecting.devices between the said lever and the means for adjusting-the -roekshaft whereby the latter is automatically adjustedA by tlie movement ofthe lever w ien changing the .time ofjignition.

of the cam shaft, a rock shaft, valves for theen ine, two lifter devicesfor o erating the va ves of the engine bodily a justable relatively tothe cams under the action of the rock shaft for changing the time of ac;tion of the cams upon the valves both in opening and closing, a handlever for roekingtlie rock shaft, and detachable locking means forretaining the lever in its extreme adjusted positions.

9.,In an explosive engine, the coiiibiuation of the cam shaft., a rockshaft, valves for the engine, two lifter devices for operating thevalves of tho engine adjustable relativelyto the cams under the actionol the, rock shaft for changing the time of action of the canis n on thevalves, a lever for rocking the rock s iaft, means for retainingr thelever in its extreme adjusted positions, a cam rod for releasing theoperating lever and moving it, and means for reciprocating the cam rod.

10. In an explosive engine the combination of the cam shaft, a roel:shaft, valves for the en ine, two lifter devices for operating the vaves of @he engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the action ofthe rock shaft for cliangin the time of action of the canis upon thevaives, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining thelever in its extreme adjusted positions, a cam rod for releasing the oeratin lever and moving it, means for reciprocating the cam rod, andmeans for'changing the time of ignition of the engine operated by themeans for reciprocating the cam rod.

11. In an explosive engine the combination,of the cam shaft, a rockshaft, valves for tlieen ine, two'lifter devices for operating the vaves of the engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the action ofthe roclcsliaft for changin the time of action of the cams upon the vaves, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining the leverin its extreme adjusted ositions, a latch lever carried by the operatinglever, a block 20 secured to the operatin lever, a pin 30 extendinthrough the bloc t for operating the latci lever, a reci rocating rod 31extending through the bloc( 29 and having-stops 36 at a distance apartfor striking the block and shifting it and also having cams B5 foroperatin the in 30 for releasing the latch lever aand ever l8,andconnections between the hand lever and the rod 31 to reciprocate it.

1Q. In an explosive engine the combination of thecam shaft, a roclcshaft, valves for the engine, two lifter devices for operating thevalves of the engine adjustable relatively to the cams under the actionof the rock shaft for changing the time of action of the cams upon thevalves, a lever for rocking the rock shaft, means for retaining thelever in its extreme adjusted positions,

a latch lever carried by the operatin lever, a block 20 secured to the oeratin ever, a pin 30 extending through t e bloc for operating the latelever, a reciprocatin rod 31 extending through the bloc r 29 an havingstops 36 at a distance apart for striking the block and shifting it andalso having cams 35 for o )erating the pin 80 for releasing the latchever, a hand lever 18, connections between the hand lever and the rod 31to reciprocate it, and igniting devices for Chano-ing the time ofignition arranged to be adjusted by the movement of the hand lever.

13. In an explosive en ine, a cam shaft havinga cam portion, an a valveadapted to be operated thereby for controllin admission of fuel to thecylinder, com ined with an operatin head for moving the valve having anexten ed surface arranged transversely to and parallel with the axis ofthe cam shaft, a single lifter device arranged between the cam shaft andthe o erating head and constantly restin bv gravity upon the cam shaftand cam an a 'ustable transversely relativelyv to the sha tand to thehead without changn its vertical operative relation thereto when ullyshifted in its extreme positions, means manually controlled for shiftingthe lifter device while maintaining its contact with the camshaft tochange its time of contact with the cam approximaely 90 degrees andthereby advance the time of action of the cam upon the valve to reversethe engine, and means connected with the shifting means for the lifterdevice for controllin the time of ignition to correspond to the c angeof time of the operation of the valve. I Y

14. In an explosive en 'ne aj cam shaft and valve, an operating ead formoving the valve, a lifter device arranged between the cam shaft and theoperating head, and means manually controlled .for bodilyl shifting thelifter device relatively to the axis of the cam shaft and approximately90 degrees about its circumference to change the time of action of thevalve durin the normal rotation of the cam shaft sai means consisting ofa rock shaft having an arm to which the liftin device is hinged, a leversecured to the roc shaft Ifor rocking it, and detachable lookin meansfor securing the lever in its adjuste positions.

15. In an explosive engine, a valve for controlling communicationbetween the interior and exterior of the cylinder, combined with meansfor reciprocating the said'valve commensurate with the rotation of thecrank shaft and Wholly changing its time of reciprocation to reverse t eengine `consistingr of a cam shaft and cam positively rotated by the enine at the same relative speeds, a lifter device havingy a free endarranged to continually rest upon the cam shaft'and be operated by thecam for reciprocating the valve, a movable fulcrum or iinge for the endof the lifter most distant from the c am shaft having hand operatablemeans for shifting the lifter device through an angle about the camshaft of approximately 90 degrees the construction being such that Whilemaintaining its operative relation with the valve it Wholly changes thetime of operation el' the valve relatively to the crank of the enginefor reversing the engine but Without varying its relative frequency ofoperation relative to the crank, and means connected with the means forshifting the lifter device for changing the time of ignition to corresond to the change of time of operation of t e valve. y

In testimony of which invention, I here unto set my hand.

ROBERT MoKEE. Witnesses:

R. M. IIUN'rmu, R. M. KELLY.

CopiesY ot this patent may be' obtained tor live centi each, byaddressing the Commissioner ot Intenta. Washington, D. 0."

